Monday 10 September 2012

FINAL YEAR PROJECT





GANNT CHART



     This gannt chart is the flow of my work that i will follow from week 1 until week the last week of semester week 15. The proposal writing already start on the first week as well. The hardest part is when the stage of idea generate. It is the toughest when on that duration, I have to search all the methods that compared to my project.




CIRCUIT RESEARCH





     From this circuit, I will construct or modified to be a new circuit that I can use for the project itself. I'm about to use the variable resistor to control the brightness of bulb so that it will make an easiest way to demonstrate the product as well. To control the value that will display on the LCD screen, I will choose to use the push button and yet. I'm thinking about the safety part of pushing the button. I'll figure it out again someday. Also, at the above circuit as well, it does not include the circuit of the motor that to drive the fan, so that the function of reducing the heat is operated. So, I will add the circuit on the modified circuit as well.

THANK YOU


Thursday 6 September 2012

FINAL YEAR PROJECT

WORK PLAN PROCESS

Some steps must be followed to achieved the proposed project. So, there are some steps that included to completing the task. 






ESTIMATING PROPOSED PROJECT BUDGET


To build something or to produce something or product, there should be some budget to proposed to buy some components, devices, or others to make it happen. Here included some estimating budget to be proposed.


i. HARDWARE BUDGET


ii. STATIONARY BUDGET


THANK YOU

Tuesday 28 August 2012

FINAL YEAR PROJECT







PID CONTROLLER


PID is "proportional", "integral" and "derivative" controller. I've choose PID controller is because the simple structure of PID itself, easy to understand and possible to do the manual tunning as well as a PID calculates an "error" value as the difference between a measured process variable and a desired set point. The controller attempts to minimize the error by adjusting the process control inputs. The PID controller is mostly approach to the industrial field.


WHY USED IT? 


  1. It helps get your output temperature where you want it, in a short time, with minimal overshoot, and with little error.  
  2. PID is the main popular method of control in industry since it is probably the most extensively used method in industrial process control applications. 


PID controller structured is basis on three most important controller structures which there are proportional, integral and derivative controller which include in single packages of controller. The PID controller also have some disadvantages that be a factor which lead to be unsatisfactory in tuning PID controller.










PIC16F887






PIC stands for "Peripheral Interface Controller". This powerful 200 nanosecond instruction execution yet easy to program that only 35 single word instruction CMOS FLASH based 8-bit microcontroller packs Microchip's powerful PIC architecture into a 28 pin package. It's also low cost and high clock speed. It's code is extremely efficient, allowing the PIC to run with typically less program memory than its lager competitors. A simple instruction set and seamless migration between product families make this PIC the logical choice for design requiring flexibility and performance. One of the advantages is that yet easy to program that only 35 single word instructions CMOS FLASH based 8 bit microcontroller packs Microchip's powerful PIC architecture into a 28 pin package. 




SPECIAL MICROCONTROLLER FEATURES:



  • Precision Internal Oscillator:
    • factory calibrate to 1%
    • software selectable frequency range of 8 MHz to 32 MHz
    • software tunable
    • two-speed start up mode
    • fail-safe clock monitoring for critical applications
    • clock mode switching during operation for low power operation
    • power saving sleep mode
    • power on reset (POR)
    • selectable brown out reset (BOR) voltage
    • extended watchdog timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator for reliable operation
    • self-reprogrammable under software control
    • programmable code protection
    • capture/compare/PWM (CCP) module

THANK YOU


Monday 27 August 2012

FINAL YEAR PROJECT






On this project title, temperature sensor as the input to sense the whole temperature during the working process. Temperature sensors are needed to sense the temperature heat that will occur during the temperature system is activated and to beware about the high temperature. This is because the high temperature will effect the system.

Why Monitor Temperature? 


"COMPONENTS MAY BE DAMAGED IF THE TEMPERATURE FALLS OUTSIDE THE OPERATING RANGE AND THEN THE OPERATION WILL BE FAILURE"



At first I have to search and comparing a certain temperature sensors that available in the market that suit the characteristic of the project function before deciding to choose either one.


Desired Sensor Characteristics


 

 i.  RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTOR (RTD)





ii. IC SENSORS


 


iii. THERMOCOUPLE SENSORS



 


 iv. THERMISTOR





From all the temperature sensor above, temperature sensor LM35 is one of the most accurate and economical integrated circuit temperature sensors that available in market. The LM35 series are precision integrated circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in ° Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 also does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±¼°C at room temperature and ±¾°C over a full -55 to +150°C temperature range.  






APPENDIX : DATA SHEET : http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm35.pdf  

THANK YOU


Friday 24 August 2012

FINAL YEAR PROJECT





This week is an Eid-ul-Fitr holidays for all student in UniKL BMI. I will take this time to search more information relate to my project title.


PREVIOUS PROJECT 

1. THE DESIGN OF TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM USING PIC 18F4620


    Large scales of application are dedicated to control the temperature in a realistic environment suitable to various needs. In order to obtain the optimum performance it would be advantageous to provide a temperature control structure by providing a safer cooling or heating system with better performances in terms of energy efficiency, flexibility and portability. Extensively research has been made on heating control because of the necessity in practical applications. In this paper the idea focuses on a simple process that could be suitable to educational application in order to illustrate different control design aspects. Moreover, the designed plant is a low cost application with components ease of access. The plant consists in a cooler, a resistance, a sensor and a microcontroller that are encapsulated in a small testing room. The analog temperature sensor LM335 will offer information of the current state of degrees at every sampling time. To relieve the performance of the proposed cooling system it is necessary to increase the test room temperature with an electrical heat resistor made of nickel. The heat discharge in the small test room will be fixed by limiting the value of the current with a variable voltage actuator for alternative current. The function of the cooler will be to decrease the air temperature from the test room. The control architecture allows for the users to implement their knowledge of control engineering in an easy way due to process access by a friendly design. The implemented PID controller on PIC18F4620 can offer zero steady state error even if a load disturbance is introduced in the test room. In the cases where the plant response is slow, it may be possible to decrease the processor speed and save power. 
 

2.  AUTOMATIC ROOM TEMPERATURE CONTROL 

 

    The proposed system would use heated water to control the temperature of the room. Heated water would be circulated in a room by motorized pump. The motor would be controlled by a microcontroller. A thermistor would provide the temperature input to the microcontroller. The microcontroller will process the raw input, and then turn the motor on/off by comparing the current temperature with the required temperature set by the user. The proposed has been designed to control the temperature of a medium sized room. This is achieved by using a conventional water pump to circulate the water through pipes. The water is passed through an instant geyser which heats it up. Instant geysers fire-up when water is passed through them, otherwise they are dormant. This system controls the circulation of water by controlling the motor, which in turn controls the geyser. Therefore, efficiency and economy of both gas and electricity is achieved through this method of heating. Another application by some modification is the incubator. Incubator requires a constant temperature to be maintained. And this system provides an efficient mechanism for controlling the temperature in an incubator.





SYSTEM OVERVIEW


Features to make an improvement

      From all the above previous project, it usually used PIC16F876A Microcontroller and microcontroller 8051 to control the NPN transistor (BD 135). To make an improvement from others, I'm planning to change a little bit for the controller. The idea came when doing the research of the project title, the idea is to implementing PID controller to maintain the temperature by controlling the flow of air system inside the control panel. The project will includes identifying on how PID controller can be implemented in the low cost system in maintaining the safe operation temperature controller to share the product to the purpose of studies in the educational field. For all work that wanted to be done, there must be a process to implement the task. So, I've decided to separate the process of work into three main part. 





PROCESS OF WORK

In order to achieve the objective of these project, all work must be arranged neat and smooth.  



MICROCONTROLLER

A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input or output peripheral. Microcontrollers are design for embedded applications. Microcontroller is one of the microchip that emphasizes self-sufficiency and cost effectiveness, in contras to a general purpose microcontroller usually used in personal computer. 



WHY CHOOSE MICROCONTROLLER?

"IT CAN REDUCE THE SIZE AND COST."






THANK YOU

SAKINA NOORSHEILA BINTI BAHRUDDIN

SAKINA NOORSHEILA BINTI BAHRUDDIN
51211111068

PROJECT SCOPE

The project scope to produce the proposed product including the process of researching the ideas, references, and information to develop a high quality of temperature control devices that having a low cost systems and beneficial. Another project scope is to analyze how the PID controller can be implemented with the microcontroller to produce accurate results and controlling the temperature as well.

ABSTRACT

This temperature sensing project requires controlling or reducing the temperature of the full running machine that produce the extreme temperature that can cause failure. The basic concept of project is the input of temperature sensor will act as the input device and read the temperature. The reading signal should be sent to the PIC16F876A microcontroller and operate as the PID controller system as the controller to reducing the hot air. Lastly, buzzer set as alarm should be start to operate to give warning which alert the users that the equipment working at the excessive temperature. The actions can reduce the cost of maintaining of failure equipment and also can improve the reputation of the production sites. In addition to this, the proposed project will be implemented for the low cost product so that this systems or product can be sold for education purposed.